ArticleCritical care explorations2026
Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile Predicts Functional Outcome After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in Critical care explorations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are immunometabolites produced by the gut microbiome. In animal models, SCFAs affect traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity by modulating the immune response and serving as an energy source. The goal of this study was to assess whether SCFAs are associated with functional outcome in adult patients with moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI).
designProspective cohort study.
settingUrban Trauma Center. PATIENTS: Adults (age ≥ 15 yr) who had TBI with Glasgow Coma Scale 3-12, intracranial hemorrhage on head CT scan, and at least one reactive pupil. Blood samples had to be collected within 3 hours of trauma.
interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that plasma SCFAs were associated with better functional outcomes at discharge and 6 months, an association driven primarily by differences in plasma acetate and propionate. K-means clustering of acetate and propionate levels identified two patient clusters with distinct discharge and 6-month functional outcomes but similar clinical, biomarker, and radiographic injury severity. Cluster 1 (n = 47) had higher SCFA levels compared with cluster 2 (n = 76) and cluster 1 had more favorable outcomes at discharge (Glasgow Outcome Scale 4-5: 83% vs. 55%; p = 0.003) and 6 months (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale 4-8: 78% vs. 45%; p = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI (IMPACT)lab model identified an independent association between the SCFA cluster and functional outcome at discharge (p = 0.001) and 6 months (p = 0.03). Adding the SCFA cluster to the IMPACTlab model improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction model for a favorable outcome.
conclusionsOur study suggests that SCFA levels are associated with functional outcome after msTBI. Future studies will focus on identifying mechanisms through which SCFAs may improve msTBI outcomes and what drives interpatient variation in their levels, which could position SCFAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.