Evidence mapPaperPMID 42270820Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Biosynthesis of antibacterial zinc oxide nanoparticles from endophytic Streptomyces werraensis.

Prachi Patel, Mohammed Al-Zharani, Mohammed Mubarak, Fahd A Nasr, Nadiah S Alzahrani, Sanjay Ingle, Ching Siang Tan, Jayanthi Barasarathi, Riyaz Sayyed, Anand Dave

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Prachi PatelDepartment of Microbiology & Biotechnology Center, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390020, India.
Mohammed Al-ZharaniBiology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed MubarakBiology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Fahd A NasrBiology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Nadiah S AlzahraniCollege of Science, Al Baha University, Al Baha, 65779, Saudi Arabia.
Sanjay IngleDepartment of Microbiology & Biotechnology Center, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390020, India.
Ching Siang TanSchool of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University, Nilai, Malaysia.
Jayanthi BarasarathiFaculty of Health & Life Sciences (FHLS), INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Riyaz SayyedDepartment of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Shri S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India. sayyedrz@gmail.com.
Anand DaveDepartment of Microbiology, K K Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Rambaug, Ahmedabad, 380008, Gujarat, India. ananddave16@gmail.com.

Funding

Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University IMSIU-DDRSP2601
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens necessitates the development of sustainable, biocompatible antimicrobial agents. Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using endophytic microorganisms offers an eco-friendly and bioactive alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were biosynthesized using the cell-free supernatant of Streptomyces werraensis, a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the medicinal plant Passiflora caerulea L. The formation of ZnO NPs was monitored via UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Morphological and structural characterizations were performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The biological potential of ZnO NPs for human health was evaluated through antibacterial assays against a panel of human pathogens and antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS). UV-Vis spectra confirmed ZnONP formation with a characteristic band-gap absorption, while FTIR identified proteinaceous and phenolic capping agents. TEM and SAED revealed highly crystalline, predominantly spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 136 nm and a wurtzite crystal structure. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited potent, concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative strains; Salmonella paratyphi A and Proteus vulgaris showed maximum inhibition zones of 19.0 ± 0.64 mm and 16.4 ± 0.68 mm, respectively, which are comparable to those of commercial ampicillin. Antioxidant assays demonstrated significant radical-scavenging potential, with an IC50 of 22.15 ± 1.2 µg/mL in the ABTS assay, approaching that of ascorbic acid. The findings of the present study demonstrate that S. werraensis-mediated ZnO NPs serve as effective "nanogenerators" of oxidative stress, offering a dual-action therapeutic approach. These results highlight the potential of endophytic actinobacteria as sustainable bio-factories for producing functional nanoparticles with promising antimicrobial potential for treating MDR infections.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsEndophytesMetal NanoparticlesStreptomycesZinc OxideAntioxidantsHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsZinc OxideAntibacterial activityBioactive nanomaterialEndophyteGreen synthesisPassiflora caeruleaROSStreptomyces werraensisZnO NPs

Identifiers

PMID42270820
PMCPMC13254299

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.