SynthesisJournal of cardiothoracic surgery2026
Perioperative hyperoxia versus normoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Journal of cardiothoracic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhile hyperoxia has conventionally been the standard during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to prevent hypoxemia, recent concerns regarding oxygen-induced oxidative stress have sparked debate over whether a normoxic strategy provides a safer clinical alternative.
methodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Scopus was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through December 2025. Primary outcomes included short-term and long-term mortality, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes included assessment of clinical complications and healthcare resource utilization. Risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) were pooled using a random-effects model.
resultsTwelve RCTs involving 2,732 patients were included. The analysis found no significant difference between hyperoxia and normoxia in short-term mortality (RR: 1.23, 95% CI [0.60, 2.54]; p = 0.57), long-term mortality (RR: 1.10, 95% CI [0.84, 1.43]; p = 0.48), or the incidence of AKI (RR: 0.94, 95% CI [0.82, 1.07]; p = 0.32). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in secondary clinical outcomes, including myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmia, or surgical site infections. Hospital resource utilization was comparable, with no significant differences in mechanical ventilation duration (p = 0.06), ICU stay (p = 0.32), or length of hospital stay (p = 0.08).
conclusionThis meta-analysis detected no statistically significant differences between hyperoxic and normoxic strategies during CPB regarding mortality, clinical outcomes, or hospital resource utilization. Still, the current evidence remains uncertain, warranting further research.
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42271504What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.