Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42271560›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Abnormal Glycaemic Fluctuations Associated With Early Microvascular Changes in the Retina and Choroid of Nondiabetic Adults.

Yan Jiang, Liping Gu, Yuhang Ma, Yuan Qu, Hancong Wan, Kangjia Lv, Qian Zhu, Hao Zhou, Jian Sun, Fei Lu and 6 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03811470 (China Diabetes Registry - a Prospective Cohort Study of Patients With Diabetes in National Metabolic Management Centers in China), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03811470 recruitingnot on this map

China Diabetes Registry - a Prospective Cohort Study of Patients With Diabetes in National Metabolic Management Centers in China

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorGuang NingRan2017 to 2039Enrolled1,000,000ConditionsType 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type1 Diabetes Mellitus, Monogenetic Diabetes, Pancreatogenic DiabetesArmsStandard diabetes management model in each MMC center
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yan JiangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Liping GuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yuhang MaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yuan QuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hancong WanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Kangjia LvDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Qian ZhuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hao ZhouDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jian SunDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Fei LuThe Xinqiao Town Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China.
Xiaowei LiThe Xinqiao Town Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China.
Yufei WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-2279
Kun LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-7160
Yufan WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yinchen ShenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-711X

Funding

Characteristic Shanghai leading talents training Program 02.06.01.21.06Innovative Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Products Application Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission 25SF1907102National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project 10000015Z155080000004National Natural Science Foundation of China 82471109Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508104Shanghai Songjiang District Health Commission Fourth Round of "Government-Hospital Collaboration" Key Joint Research Project 02.05.01.24.20
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo evaluate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycaemic variability indicators and early microvascular changes of the retina and choroid in nondiabetic individuals. MATERIALS AND

methodsCommunity-based individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) underwent detailed assessments including oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), CGM and ophthalmic imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Based on the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), 338 OGTT-confirmed nondiabetic participants were categorized as having normal glucose fluctuation (NGF) or abnormal glucose fluctuation (AGF). Between-group differences in foveal avascular zone (FAZ), blood flow density and thickness in retina and choroid were analysed. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the correlation between CGM metrics and blood flow density in retina and choroid.

resultsCompared with the NGF group (265 eyes from 265 participants), the AGF group (73 eyes from 73 participants) showed lower retinal blood flow density in the central (p = 0.007) and parafoveal temporal (p = 0.003) regions of the superficial layer and in the parafoveal temporal (p = 0.014) and parafoveal superior (p = 0.005) regions of the deep layer. In the choroid, the volume area ratio of large vessels (CVV/a) was reduced, whereas the choroidal vascular index (CVI) was increased in the AGF group. Choroidal thickness was decreased among individuals with AGF. CGM metrics such as MAGE and coefficient of variation (CV) were negatively correlated with the retinal and choroidal blood flow density.

conclusionsIncreased glycaemic variability even in nondiabetic adults is associated with reduced blood flow density and decreased choroidal thickness.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03811470.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseChoroidRetinaRetinal VesselsAdultAgedContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlucose Tolerance TestHumansMaleMiddle AgedRegional Blood FlowTomography, Optical CoherenceBlood Glucoseblood flow densitycontinuous glucose monitoringglucose fluctuationnondiabetic individualsoptical coherence tomography angiography

Identifiers

PMID42271560
PMCPMC13448858

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.