ArticleQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery2026
Pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization using small-particle lenvatinib-loaded beads in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.
Article in Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, post-embolization hypoxia may induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis, thereby promoting tumor progression and recurrence. Lenvatinib (LEN) is an effective anti-angiogenic agent for unresectable HCC; however, its systemic administration is limited by adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, pharmacokinetics, safety, and anti-tumor efficacy of 75-150 µm LEN-loaded CalliSpheres Methods: The loading efficiency of LEN-LCBs with particle sizes of 100-300 and 75-150 µm was evaluated at different concentrations and time points, and the drug release rate was measured under maximum loading conditions. Eighteen rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were randomly allocated in equal numbers to two groups to receive TACE with LEN-LCBs of 100-300 or 75-150 µm. LEN concentrations in tumor tissue, adjacent liver tissue, and plasma were measured on days 1, 3, and 7 after TACE in both groups. To further assess different treatment regimens, 38 rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group [normal saline (NS); n=5], an oral LEN group (n=14), a blank CalliSpheres Results: The 75-150 µm beads showed higher loading and release efficiency than the 100-300 µm beads, and achieved higher LEN concentrations in tumor and peritumoral tissues after TACE. Compared with oral LEN, 75-150 µm LEN-LCB embolization resulted in higher local drug concentrations at 1-, 3-, and 7-days post-treatment despite lower plasma exposure. This treatment also produced marked tumor necrosis, and the lowest RTV at day 14 (142.1%±17.3% in the LCB group Conclusions: Compared with the 100-300 µm CBs, the 75-150 µm CBs achieved more efficient LEN loading and higher local drug exposure in rabbit VX2 liver tumors. Small-particle LEN-LCB beads demonstrated favorable preclinical feasibility, with enhanced anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects after embolization.
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