ArticleAPL bioengineering2026
Photobiomodulation outperforms ultrasound in reducing IL-1
Article in APL bioengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound (US) and photobiomodulation (PBM) are promising treatment modalities for restoring articular cartilage. Owing to their different mechanisms of action, individual or combined stimulation may elicit different bioeffects on chondrocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of US and PBM, applied alone or combined, in augmenting chondrocytes' responses toward cartilage matrix synthesis and reverting their catabolic activities, with or without interleukin-1β (IL-1β) incubation. Human chondrocytes were cultured under basal or proinflammatory conditions (1 ng/ml IL-1β) and stimulated daily for 6 days with US, PBM, US followed by PBM, and PBM followed by US. Chondrocyte activity, along with protein and mRNA expression of cartilage synthesis- and degradation-related markers, was analyzed. IL-1β incubation did not significantly affect chondrocytes' metabolic activity or sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production. Both US and PBM, alone or combined, increased the protein and mRNA of collagen type II (
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Registered trials
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