ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Serum sPD-L1 Levels in Early Pregnancy Predict Fetal Growth Restriction and Its Subtypes: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, yet reliable first-trimester biomarkers for early prediction remain lacking. Growing evidence suggests that placental dysfunction is a central pathological driver of FGR. Therefore, placenta-derived proteins in maternal circulation may serve as mechanistically informative biomarkers for early detection. Here, we aimed to evaluate several placenta-relevant molecules as biomarkers for predicting isolated FGR and its subtypes. In this prospective nested case-control study, we included singleton pregnancies that underwent Down screening in the first trimester and were subsequently diagnosed with FGR (n = 50, including early-onset FGR [EFGR] and late-onset FGR [LFGR]) and healthy pregnancies (n = 100). Pregnancies with maternal comorbidities or fetal anomalies were excluded. Maternal serum protein concentrations were measured using ELISA kits. There were no significant differences in placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) or netrin-1 between the two groups. By contrast, maternal soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) levels were significantly lower in overall FGR (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.