Evidence mapPaperPMID 42280326Full record

ArticleNutrients2026

Gut Microbiota Composition in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Associations with Sex, Age, and Body Composition.

Katarzyna Bąk, Michał Kowalski, Kamila Marszalek, Patrycja Olszewska, Andrzej Ossowski, Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz, Aleksandra Cader-Ptak, Leszek Domański, Violetta Dziedziejko, Ewa Kwiatkowska

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Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Katarzyna BąkClinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.
Michał KowalskiDepartment of Genomics and Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6795-8799
Kamila MarszalekDepartment of Genomics and Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6503-0687
Patrycja OlszewskaDepartment of Genomics and Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.
Andrzej OssowskiDepartment of Genomics and Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6819-1638
Bartłomiej GrygorcewiczDepartment of Genomics and Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0593-0069
Aleksandra Cader-PtakClinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.
Leszek DomańskiClinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.
Violetta DziedziejkoDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4809-415X
Ewa KwiatkowskaClinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-001 Szczecin, Poland.

Funding

Medical Research Agency 2024/ABM/03/KPO/KPOD.07.07-IW.07-0025/24
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesPatients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) commonly exhibit chronic low-grade inflammation, nutritional disturbances, altered body composition, and metabolic imbalance. Gut dysbiosis may contribute to these abnormalities through the gut-kidney axis; however, the relationship between the gut microbiota composition and host phenotype in HD patients remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota composition in maintenance HD patients and assess its cross-sectional associations with demographic, inflammatory, nutritional, dialysis-related, and bioimpedance-derived body composition parameters.

methodsThis single-center cross-sectional study included 96 patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing maintenance HD. The primary objective was to characterize the gut microbiota composition in maintenance HD patients. Secondary objectives were to assess cross-sectional associations with demographic factors (sex, age) and bioimpedance-derived body composition (specifically VAT). Clinical and laboratory data, inflammatory markers, nutritional indicators, malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), dialysis-related variables, and bioimpedance-derived body composition parameters were collected. Stool samples were analyzed using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. The gut microbiota composition was assessed using taxonomic profiling, alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analyses, subgroup comparisons, and exploratory distance-based analyses. Associations were interpreted within a descriptive and hypothesis-generating framework.

resultsThe gut microbiota composition showed marked inter-individual heterogeneity at the genus level, with dominant taxa including

conclusionsThe gut microbiota composition in maintenance HD patients was highly heterogeneous and showed cross-sectional associations, mainly with sex, age, visceral adiposity, and broader host phenotype. These findings suggest that microbiota variation in HD reflects multidimensional demographic, inflammatory, nutritional, metabolic, and body composition-related factors rather than a single clinical determinant. Larger longitudinal studies integrating standardized dietary, medication, metabolic, and clinical outcome data are needed to determine the prognostic relevance of these microbiota patterns.

Indexed as

Body CompositionGastrointestinal MicrobiomeKidney Failure, ChronicRenal DialysisAgedAge FactorsCross-Sectional StudiesDysbiosisFecesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSex FactorsRNA, Ribosomal, 16Sbody compositionchronic kidney diseasegut–kidney axisgut microbiotahemodialysis

Identifiers

PMID42280326
PMCPMC13258386

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.