ReviewNutrients2026
Metabolic Adaptation and Weight Regain in Obesity Treatment: The Central Role of Nutrition in the Era of Bariatric Surgery and GLP-1-Based Pharmacotherapy.
Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by pathological adipose tissue expansion and systemic metabolic dysfunction. This review examines metabolic adaptation-the counter-regulatory physiological response to weight loss-and its contribution to weight recidivism. Although weight reduction confers substantial clinical benefit, long-term maintenance is frequently compromised by reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) that exceed predictions based on body composition. Bariatric surgery induces profound metabolic remodeling; however, its durability may be constrained by persistent biological defense mechanisms of body weight. Similarly, GLP-1 receptor agonists have transformed pharmacological management, yet in the absence of structured nutritional intervention, lean mass loss and energetic compensation may attenuate long-term stability. We propose an integrated model in which precision nutrition, surgery, and pharmacotherapy operate synergistically. Within this framework, nutrition should assume a central regulatory role in modulating body composition, substrate partitioning, and long-term energetic homeostasis to enhance the sustainability of clinical outcomes.
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