Evidence mapPaperPMID 42280425Full record

ReviewNutrients2026

Deciphering the Structure-Immunomodulatory Function Relationships of Homopolysaccharides.

Gege Hu, Bingyu Yang, Han Song, Yuehan Zeng, Zhuoting Zhang, Yuwen Li, Jian Zhang, Fenghuan Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gege HuSchool of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4779-2896
Bingyu YangBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Han SongBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Yuehan ZengBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Zhuoting ZhangBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Yuwen LiBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Jian ZhangBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Fenghuan WangSchool of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2498-3673

Funding

Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department 25ZDNA010National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFD2100900
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural homopolysaccharides (HoPSs), composed of a single monosaccharide type, are increasingly recognized as bioactive macronutrients with broad relevance to nutrition and health. This review summarizes the extraction, structural characterization, and structure-immunomodulatory activity relationships of HoPSs. Drawing on a comprehensive synthesis of existing studies, we integrate current knowledge into a unified hierarchical framework of HoPS structure-function relationships. This framework organizes the literature into three hierarchical levels, including primary structural recognition, mid-level regulatory mechanisms, and functional refinement, while integrating key determinants such as molecular weight, glycosidic linkages, chain conformation, branching, and chemical modifications. By bridging structural glycomics and nutritional immunology, this framework synthesizes current evidence and provides a structured reference for future investigations. HoPSs exert well-established anti-infection and anti-inflammatory effects, alongside important nutritional and metabolic benefits. These outcomes are supported by evidence from cellular receptor signaling (e.g., TLRs, Dectin-1; NF-κB, MAPK pathways), gut microbiota remodeling, and metabolite network interactions. Finally, we discuss current research gaps, particularly in fine structural analysis and multidimensional mechanistic studies, and propose future directions based on precise structural elucidation, multidimensional structure-activity relationship modeling, and interdisciplinary integration. This review aims to bridge structural glycomics with human nutritional immunology, providing a theoretical basis for the structural optimization, immune activity enhancement, and functional food development of natural HoPSs to promote their industrial application in medicine, nutrition, and health.

Indexed as

Immunologic FactorsPolysaccharidesAnimalsHumansSignal TransductionStructure-Activity RelationshipImmunologic FactorsPolysaccharideshomopolysaccharides (HoPSs)immunomodulatory activitysignal pathwaystructural characterizationstructure–activity relationship

Identifiers

PMID42280425
PMCPMC13258438

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.