A Simplified Wheat Protoplast Transformation System and Guideline for Avoiding Protein Localization Artifacts.

Leyan Li, Shuai Zhong, Shuai Liu, Fan Zhang, Zehui Liu, Ruofei Wang, Yue Zhao, Qianwen Liu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Leyan LiState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Shuai ZhongState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Shuai LiuState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Fan ZhangState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Zehui LiuState Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.

Ruofei WangState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Yue ZhaoState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9351-7559

Qianwen LiuState Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8020-7957

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2024M750806Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation HN2024109National Natural Science Foundation of China 32401805Natural Science Foundation of Henan 242300420489

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The transient protoplast transformation system is a vital tool for studying protein subcellular localization and phase separation in wheat. However, current protocols remain underdeveloped, and the lack of systematic vector design analysis frequently leads to localization artifacts. Here, we established a simplified wheat mesophyll protoplast transformation method featuring a shortened cycle, streamlined handling, and no variety limitations, enabling stable acquisition of high-quality confocal imaging data. Using this method, we systematically examined the effects of the fluorescent tag position (N- vs. C-terminal) and promoter type (native, single

Indexed as

DNA transformationfluorescent proteinphase separationprotoplastsubcellular localizationtransient expressionTriticum aestivum L.

Identifiers

PMID42280744

DOI10.3390/plants15111707

PMCPMC13259136

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.