SynthesisThe Pan African medical journal2026
Prevalence, risk factors, and psychosocial impacts of enuresis in Saudi primary school-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Pan African medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Enuresis is a common yet often under-recognized childhood condition associated with substantial emotional and psychosocial consequences. Although multiple studies from Saudi Arabia have examined its prevalence and correlates, the available evidence remains fragmented and methodologically heterogeneous. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize existing data on the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among Saudi primary school-aged children and to summarize associated risk factors and psychosocial impacts. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified observational studies published up to October 2025 involving children aged 5-16 years. Seven studies comprising 5,369 participants met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effects model. The overall pooled prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 22% (95% CI: 17-27%), with substantial heterogeneity (I
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