ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
What Is a Clinically Meaningful Change in Diabetes Distress? Findings for Diabetes Care and Research From the SFDT1 Cohort.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- What Is a Clinically Meaningful Change in Diabetes Distress? Findings for Diabetes Care and Research From the SFDT1 Cohort.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsDiabetes distress (DD) is common and evolves heterogeneously over time. We aimed to estimate minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale and its sub-dimensions and to identify predictors of worsening over 1 year in people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D). MATERIALS AND
methodsMCIDs for PAID total and sub-dimension scores were derived using the standard error of measurement approach. One-year DD worsening, stability and improvement were defined using the ±1 MCID threshold. We analysed changes in DD using data from the SFDT1 cohort. Logistic regression models identified predictors of worsening for PAID total and sub-dimensions, adjusting for baseline DD, age, sex and social vulnerability.
resultsWe analysed data from 2457 adults with type 1 diabetes (51.6% female, 41.3 years old (SD 14.0), 23.7 years diabetes duration (SD 14.0)). The MCID for PAID total was 5.0 points, with sub-scale MCIDs ranging from 8.5 (emotional distress) to 14.3 points (management distress). Over 1 year, 42% experienced clinically meaningful worsening of total DD, 30% improved and 28% remained stable. Worsening of total PAID was associated with social vulnerability, HbA1c increase and treatment burden. Distress trajectories varied across sub-dimensions, with emotional distress and burnout most frequently worsening (34% each); initiation of automated insulin delivery was solely associated with lower odds of worsening on the burnout dimension.
conclusionsThis study provides MCID values for the PAID scale and its sub-dimensions. The high temporal variability observed suggests a need for regular monitoring and clinically informed assessment of DD in PwT1D.
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