Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42284248›Full record

ArticlePLOS global public health2026

Effects of hydro-meteorological and geological disasters on vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and routine immunisation amongst children: A scoping review.

Isabel T Barnidge, Andrea J F Ferreira, Sari Kovats, Sofia R M Velasco, Alastair Leyland, Luiz Augusto Galvao, Gervasio F Santos, Enny S Paixao, Mauricio L Barreto, Elizabeth B Brickley and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLOS global public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Isabel T BarnidgeFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Andrea J F FerreiraCentre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Sari KovatsFaculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Sofia R M VelascoCentre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Alastair LeylandMRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-7099
Luiz Augusto GalvaoCentre for Global Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-0286
Gervasio F SantosFaculdade de Economía, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-3590
Enny S PaixaoFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Mauricio L BarretoCentre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Elizabeth B BrickleyFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Julia M PescariniFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-9589
Global Health Research Unit on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health Inequalities (SEDHI)

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydro-meteorological and geological disasters can pose serious harm to community health, such as an increased risk of infectious diseases and related mortality. We conducted a scoping review to compile the available literature on the effects of hydro-meteorological and geological disasters on routine immunisation and vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks among children and adolescents under 18 years. We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, and Web of Science for original studies and systematic reviews on the topic published by the 21st of October 2024. We included studies that quantitatively analysed the effect of any of the thirty Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) recognised hydro-meteorological and geological disasters (or those fitting EM-DAT criteria) on a comprehensive list of World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended vaccines and the 23 diseases against which they prevent. We included 26 studies, of which 19 concerned with vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and seven focused on routine immunisation disruption.. Our review indicates that floods, cyclones, droughts, extreme temperatures, tsunamis, and earthquakes may result in vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and routine immunisation disruption, and identified young children and refugees as at-risk populations. Flooding was reported to be associated with water-borne and vector-borne vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks such as malaria. Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) were further recognised as facilitating conditions for vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks after disasters. The vaccination studies reported reduction in routine immunisation rates in the months following a disaster, considering infrastructural damage to health facilities and vaccine storage issues as common causes. Finally, there was significant knowledge gap on the effects of specific disasters (e.g., wildfires and volcanic eruptions) and diseases (e.g., influenza, yellow fever, malaria, and dengue).In conclusion, our review reinforce the need for better policies to ensure vaccine equity, resilient health system and safe WASH to prevent vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks following hydro-meteorological and geological disasters.

Identifiers

PMID42284248
PMCPMC13262859

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.