ArticleMedical physics2026
Development and validation of a novel pulse optimization and beam control system for conventional and ultra high dose-per-pulse (FLASH) irradiation.
Article in Medical physics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFLASH radiotherapy requires precise control and minimal variation of dose per pulse (DPP). However, clinical linear accelerators and their beam control systems are designed to ensure accuracy of the temporally integrated dose and do not control for transient variations in DPP during radiation delivery. PURPOSE: We introduce a robust external beam control system (EBCS) with radiofrequency optimization and beam monitoring that addresses this need. This system was designed to precisely control the output of FLASH-capable electron linear accelerators within a clinical range of energies (6-20 MeV) and to monitor the output by using a beam current transformer.
methodsAn EBCS, using either an internal transmission ion chamber or a multistage beam current transformer, was implemented to support delivery of conventional DPPs and ultrahigh DPPs (UH-DPPs) on a modified clinical linear accelerator. The EBCS was interfaced with the accelerator's gating system, and beam output and stability were maximized by optimizing the accelerating radiofrequency power efficiency through voltage inputs (V
resultsThe measured beam-off latency of the system was 56.7 µs (± 4.9 µs). The radiofrequency optimization was shown to reduce the DPP variability within the first five pulses from 26.7% to less than 0.5% for both conventional DPPs and UH-DPPs. Total output was reduced by up to 20% when V
conclusionWe developed an EBCS capable of delivering reproducible doses and implemented it on a modified clinical linear accelerator. Through real time readout of the beam current transformer signal and automatic radiofrequency optimization, the uncertainty in DPP within and between each delivery was reduced to < 0.5%, offering unprecedented precision and accuracy.
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