ArticleBMJ open2026
Association of 24-hour movement guideline adherence with mental health symptoms among Colombian university students: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the associations between adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Colombian university students. STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
participants1125 individuals (mean age 20.2±2.5 years; 56.7% female).
settingStudents sampled from a single public university. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed validated self-report instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form to assess physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep duration. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with a score of ≥11 used to classify elevated symptoms. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines (meeting all three, two, one or none) and mental health outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsOnly 15.5% of students met all three components of the 24-hour movement guidelines. Meeting a greater number of components was significantly associated with lower odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms. In fully adjusted analyses, students who met all three guidelines were less likely to report anxiety symptoms (OR=0.26; 95%CI 0.13 to 0.54) and depressive symptoms (OR=0.42; 95%CI 0.22 to 0.79) compared with those who met none. Among individual behaviours, sufficient PA and adequate sleep were independently associated with lower odds of both outcomes, whereas high SB was associated with higher odds of elevated symptoms.
conclusionsIn this cross-sectional study, adherence to a greater number of 24-hour movement guideline components was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in a graded manner. However, the cross-sectional design precludes inference regarding directionality or causality, and bidirectional associations or residual confounding remain possible. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to determine whether integrated daily movement behaviours influence mental health outcomes in young adults, particularly in Latin American populations.
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