Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42288310›Full record

ArticleJournal of lipid research2026

High lipoprotein(a) results in overestimation of BQ-based low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement.

Azusa Yamazaki, Yuna Hakii, Masumi Ai, Shuji Miyake, Junichiro Takahashi, Akira Yoshimoto, Takahiro Kameda, Naoya Ichimura, Shuji Tohda, Shinji Yokoyama and 1 more

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Article in Journal of lipid research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Azusa YamazakiClinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuna HakiiClinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Masumi AiInsured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Shuji MiyakeHealth Administration Center of Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junichiro TakahashiImmuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Gunma, Japan.
Akira YoshimotoClinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Takahiro KamedaClinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Naoya IchimuraClinical Laboratory, Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Shuji TohdaClinical Laboratory, Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Shinji YokoyamaFood and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan. Electronic address: syokoyam@fsc.chubu.ac.jp.
Ryunosuke OhkawaClinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ohkawa.alc@tmd.ac.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most conventional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) assays are standardized by the CDC reference procedure of beta-quantification (BQ) method, which involves density-based ultracentrifugation to separate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL. Apolipoprotein (apo) (a) covalently binds to apoB, altering lipoprotein density thereby affecting this separation. We evaluated the impact of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] on LDL-C assay accuracy. The distribution of apo(a) between VLDL and LDL was examined by ultracentrifugation and gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC) analysis in three subjects. LDL-C values were compared between the conventional assays calculated by Sampson's formula (S-LDL-C) and direct homogeneous assay (D-LDL-C) and the GP-HPLC analysis (GP-LDL-C) for 1,560 human samples, and the influence of Lp(a) concentration was analyzed. Apo(a) was detected in the LDL fraction by ultracentrifugation and in both VLDL and LDL fractions by HPLC. Strong correlations were observed between S-LDL-C, D-LDL-C, and GP-LDL-C, but significant differences existed among the methods (P < 0.001). The differences between S-LDL-C or D-LDL-C and GP-LDL-C positively correlated with Lp(a) (r = 0.302 and 0.321, respectively, P < 0.001). When Lp(a) exceeded 30 mg/dl, these differences were significantly larger (n = 139). The difference between S-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was not significantly correlated with Lp(a) (P = 0.774). Conversely, VLDL-C measured by Sampson's method showed a negative correlation with Lp(a) (r = -0.262, P < 0.001) Apo(a) increases VLDL density, causing it to be recovered in the LDL fraction during density-based separation. Consequently, Lp(a) causes concentration-dependent overestimation of BQ-based LDL-C, and underestimation of VLDL-C.

Indexed as

Cholesterol, LDLLipoprotein(a)Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidHumansLipoproteins, VLDLUltracentrifugationCholesterol, LDLLipoprotein(a)Lipoproteins, VLDLbeta-quantification methodcholesterolgel permeation high performance liquid chromatographyLDLlipoprotein (a)lipoproteinsultracentrifugationVLDL

Identifiers

PMID42288310
PMCPMC13383217

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.