ArticleScientific reports2026
Enhanced antimicrobial activity, mechanical and dielectric properties of styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates designed for protection products.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study focuses on fabricating and evaluating novel, ecofriendly, green, flexible, antimicrobial Styrene Butadiene Rubber vulcanizates for producing safety products. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was compounded with ginger extract, a plant rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, and the conventional drugs, berberine and chitosan, in the ordinary mixer of rubber. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract was analyzed using HPLC. The rheological properties of the SBR mixes were analyzed to determine the optimal curing time. The compounded rubber mixes were then vulcanized at 152 °C. The prepared vulcanizates were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specific surface area measurements, mechanical, swelling, antimicrobial properties, and cytotoxicity analysis. The results showed that the physicochemical and mechanical properties of all vulcanizates remained robust, i.e., no significant degradation, even after exposure to thermal oxidative aging at 90 °C for seven days. Therefore, the change of tensile strength percentage after aging was 25, 5.56, 13, and 10% for free SBR, SBR/30 phr chitosan, SBR/20 phr ginger, and SBR/7 phr berberine, respectively. The cytotoxicity tests confirmed the safety of the investigated vulcanizates due to the negative results against the normal human fibroblast cell line (BJ1). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity results demonstrated that the release of the various antimicrobial agents successfully inhibited the growth of different bacteria and fungi on the SBR rubber surface. The dielectric and electric findings highlighted the ability of the presence of bioactive agents to modify dielectric relaxation and conductivity in the investigated SBR vulcanizates and confirmed the utility of SBR composites contained 30 phr chitosan, 20 phr ginger, and 7 phr berberine as a good viable choice for antistatic and flexible electronic applications.
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