Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42288766›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2026

Working against the clock: the impact of shift patterns on cognitive function, mental health, and stimulant use among healthcare workers.

Jehad F AlSamhori, Ansam Z Baniamer, Hanen Batat, Abdelrahman M Abu Sahyoun, Abdalrhman M Hamasha, Mohammad Z Alsharqwi, Abdel Rahman F AlSamhori, Mohammad J Al-Aqtash, Mohammad K Al-Qurneh, Anas H Khalifeh and 1 more

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Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jehad F AlSamhoriSchool of Medicine, The University of Jordan, P.O.Box 11942, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
Ansam Z BaniamerFaculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
Hanen BatatFaculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
Abdelrahman M Abu SahyounFaculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
Abdalrhman M HamashaFaculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
Mohammad Z AlsharqwiFaculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
Abdel Rahman F AlSamhoriSchool of Medicine, The University of Jordan, P.O.Box 11942, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
Mohammad J Al-AqtashSchool of Medicine, The University of Jordan, P.O.Box 11942, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
Mohammad K Al-QurnehJordan University Hospital, P.O.Box 13046, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
Anas H KhalifehDepartment of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, P.O.Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan.
Saif AlaribiFaculty of Medicine, Emirates International University, Sana'a, Yemen. Saifnaji931@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundShift work is common in healthcare and has been associated with negative physical, cognitive, and mental health consequences. It may also associate with greater dependency on stimulants as a way of overcoming fatigue and a lowered level of alertness.

aimThis study was to investigate an association between shift pattern, cognitive function, mental health (depression and anxiety), and stimulant use among healthcare workers.

methodsA descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sampling of 445 healthcare workers was recruited from two university-affiliated and two private hospitals in Jordan. Data was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, cognitive function, stimulant use, and validated scales.

resultsA total of 445 healthcare workers were included (58.7% night shift, n = 261; 41.3% day shift, n = 184). Night shift workers reported significantly higher levels of fatigue (n = 200, 76.6%), headache (n = 164, 62.8%), and tremors (n = 114, 43.7%) and greater impairment in cognitive functions, especially memory (n = 173, 66.3%) and learning abilities (n = 156, 59.8%), than day shift workers (p < 0.05). Caffeine consumption and the use of stimulants were also considerably higher in the night shift workers. The mean depression score showed that the symptoms of depression were mild (M = 9.75, SD = 5.47) and the level of anxiety was moderate (M = 8.97, SD = 5.04). Stronger associations were found between depressive and anxiety symptoms and clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment among night shift workers.

conclusionNight shift work was associated with more physical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and stimulant use and greater associations to depression and anxiety among healthcare workers. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to ensure the safety of patients by attending to mental health, decreasing fatigue, and improving cognitive performance.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System StimulantsCognitionHealth PersonnelShift Work ScheduleWork Schedule ToleranceAdultAnxietyCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFatigueFemaleHumansJordanMaleMental HealthMiddle AgedCentral Nervous System StimulantsHealthcare workersMental healthNight shiftShift patternsStimulant use

Identifiers

PMID42288766
PMCPMC13504758

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.