ArticleClinical epigenetics2026
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Clinical epigenetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interplay of metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the prognostic implications of CKM syndrome stages in this population remain unclear.
methodsData were drawn from the fasting subsample of NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2018. A total of 2598 cancer survivors aged ≥ 20 years were included. Cox proportional hazards models accounting for the complex survey design were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 7.92 years (IQR: 4.00-12.58), 1165 all-cause deaths, 352 CCD deaths, and 350 cancer deaths occurred. In fully adjusted models, compared with Stage 0, Stage 4 was associated with 3.48-fold higher all-cause mortality (HR = 3.48; 95% CI 2.62-4.63), 7.77-fold higher CCD mortality (HR = 7.77; 95% CI 4.21-14.32), and 2.55-fold higher cancer mortality (HR = 2.55; 95% CI 1.52-4.28). Advanced CKM syndrome was associated with elevated risks of all-cause, and cancer mortality. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.
conclusionAdvanced CKM syndrome is independently associated with increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among U.S. cancer survivors.
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