Evidence mapPaperPMID 42290292Full record

Trial reportJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2026

Effects of insulin and exenatide therapy on glycemic control and β-cell function in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and severe hyperglycemia.

Tsung-Hui Wu, Chin-Sung Kuo, Harn-Shen Chen

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Tsung-Hui WuDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Chin-Sung KuoDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Harn-Shen ChenDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.ORCID 0000-0001-8748-229

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo assess the efficacy of short-term insulin therapy compared with exenatide therapy in glycemic control, remission rate, and β-cell function in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and severe hyperglycemia.

methodsPatients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level >9% were treated with insulin injections for 10 to 14 days, after which oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed. The patients were randomized in an open-label design to receive either insulin therapy or exenatide therapy for a further 24 weeks. The OGTT was repeated 6 months after randomization to re-evaluate β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. The participants were followed for another year to evaluate long-term glycemic control.

resultsWe randomized 40 patients into the insulin group (n = 22) and the exenatide group (n = 18). One patient in the exenatide group withdrew before the intervention, resulting in 22 and 17 patients in the insulin and exenatide groups, respectively. Body weight was significantly higher in the insulin group than in the exenatide group at baseline (75.8 ± 14.3 vs 60.5 ± 12.2 kg, p = 0.011). The mean HbA1c levels were similar between the insulin and exenatide groups at 6 months (6.74 ± 1.12% vs 6.88 ± 0.76%; p = 0.681) and 12 months after randomization (6.62 ± 0.69% vs 7.05 ± 0.72%; p = 0.119). By 1 year after the intervention, the remission rates were 18.2% (n = 4) in the insulin group and 5.9% (n = 1) in the exenatide group ( p = 0.025). The median time to relapse was 6.5 months in the insulin group and 5.0 months in the exenatide group ( p = 0.685). Compared with the exenatide group, the insulin group had better homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index, insulinogenic index, and total insulin secretion during the OGTT.

conclusionInsulin therapy may improve β-cell function and reduce remission rates compared with exenatide therapy in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and severe hyperglycemia.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HyperglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsPeptidesVenomsAgedBlood GlucoseExenatideFemaleGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseExenatideGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinPeptidesVenomsExenatideGLP-1InsulinType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42290292
PMCPMC13387786

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.