Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42291815›Full record

ArticleHealth services insights2026

Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in a Public University Hospital in Ghana: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach.

Bhavana Singh, Kwame Tieku Asaaseasa, Julius Kwabena Karikari, Douglas Aninng Opoku, Irene Ohene-Manu, Richmond Darko, Ricky Antwi Boasiako, Alfred Matthew Owusu, Akwasi Ohene Adjei, Edward Osei-Boateng and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health services insights, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Bhavana SinghUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Kwame Tieku AsaaseasaUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-2288
Julius Kwabena KarikariUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1859-2620
Douglas Aninng OpokuUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-387X
Irene Ohene-ManuUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Richmond DarkoUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Ricky Antwi BoasiakoUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Alfred Matthew OwusuUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Akwasi Ohene AdjeiUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Edward Osei-BoatengUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Emmanuel KonaduUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Eric Kojo Nsa OduroUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Nana Kwame Ayisi-BoatengUniversity Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Despite the recognised importance of communication in healthcare delivery, limited research has examined how communication interacts with other service quality (SERVQUAL) dimensions to shape patient satisfaction in Ghanaian hospital settings. This study aimed to assess communication and SERVQUAL dimensions as determinants of satisfaction among patients accessing outpatient services at a university hospital in Ghana. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 366 patients who accessed outpatient services from November 1, 2025, to December 20, 2025. A structured questionnaire incorporating socio-demographic characteristics, communication, SERVQUAL model, and satisfaction was used to collect study data. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between the SERVQUAL dimensions, communication, and satisfaction. A mediation analysis was conducted to test whether communication mediated the relationship between the SERVQUAL dimensions and satisfaction. Results: The median satisfaction and communication scores were 75.0 [58.3-91.7] and 75.0 [50.0-90.0], respectively. Among the SERVQUAL domains, tangibility (median: 75.0 [62.5-87.5]) was the highest-rated, whereas reliability (median: 68.8 [50.0-81.2]) was the lowest-rated. Communication (β = 0.400, p = 0.002) and empathy (β = 0.434, p = 0.043) were identified as determinants of patient satisfaction. Communication did not significantly mediate the association between the SERVQUAL dimensions and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical role of communication and empathy in shaping patient satisfaction in outpatient services at the university hospital. Prioritising patient-centred communication and compassionate care should therefore be an integral part of healthcare quality improvement strategies aimed at strengthening health systems and advancing progress towards universal health coverage.

Indexed as

communicationdeterminantsempathyGhanasatisfactionSERVQUAL

Identifiers

PMID42291815
PMCPMC13260785

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.