ArticleCureus2026
Alarming Rise in Untreatable Neonatal Sepsis: A Prospective Study of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Pathogens in an Indian Tertiary NICU.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCulture-positive neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of mortality. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria exacerbates the clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of MDR and XDR strains causing neonatal sepsis.
objectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of culture-positive neonatal sepsis, characterize the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens, and assess clinical outcomes, specifically mortality, in neonates admitted to a tertiary care NICU.
methodsA prospective observational study was conducted from August 2020 to September 2022. Neonates with clinical signs of sepsis and positive blood cultures were enrolled. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 compact automated system (Marcy-l'Étoile, France: bioMérieux). Isolates were classified as MDR or XDR based on standardized international definitions.
resultsOf 120 culture-positive neonates, 100 (83.3%) had bacterial sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 67 of 100 bacterial isolates (67%); the most common pathogens were
conclusionThere is a high burden of MDR and XDR Gram-negative neonatal sepsis, predominantly due to
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