ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Gut microbiome components predict response to neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy followed by camrelizumab and chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (UNION): a prospective study.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04928807 (A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial of Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Camrelizumab in the Treatment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial of Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Camrelizumab in the Treatment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
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Abstract
Background: Although the gut microbiome shapes responses to anti-tumor immunotherapy and chemotherapy, its predictive value for neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by camrelizumab (CAM) and CAPOX in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has not been defined. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate whether the gut microbiome is associated with response to neoadjuvant SCRT followed by CAM and CAPOX. Methods: We obtained a total of 77 fecal samples from 36 patients with LARC, including 17 assigned to the long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) group and 19 to the SCRT group. Samples were collected at three time points: baseline, after radiotherapy, and after chemoimmunotherapy. DNA was extracted, followed by metagenomic sequencing to profile microbiota dynamics during neoadjuvant treatment. Results: In this pilot analysis, we observed significant differences in the gut microbiota between the SCRT and LCRT treatment cohorts. Specifically, Conclusion: The gut microbiome offers potential biomarkers that may stratify response to SCRT followed by CAM and CAPOX, representing a promising exploratory finding with potential clinical relevance. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04928807.
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