ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
UV-B and far-red light shape morphological and phytochemical responses in kratom.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Kratom ( Methods: Plants were grown under controlled-environment conditions under five light treatments: white (W) light alone; W plus 1 or 2 h of EOD UV-B exposure; and W supplemented with FR light combined with 1 or 2 h of EOD UV-B exposure. Total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was maintained at 300 µmol·m Results: Low-dose EOD UV-B had minimal effects on plant architecture and leaf growth, but slightly reduced leaf biomass and photosynthetic capacity. Extending EOD UV-B exposure from 1 to 2 h reduced the stem caliper by 20%, branching by 14%, and new leaf area by 14%. Supplementation with FR at 30% of total PPFD induced a shade-avoidance response, increasing plant height by 58% to 76% while reducing leaf number, photosynthesis, and biomass. Corynantheidine concentration in leaves increased by 175% under W plus 1 h of EOD UV-B, whereas speciociliatine, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine decreased in aging leaves. Conclusions: Light-quality-induced stress can modify alkaloid accumulation in kratom, and these responses must be carefully balanced against reductions in growth and biomass. These findings improve understanding of environmental regulation of kratom alkaloid biosynthesis and provide a basis for designing lighting strategies to optimize both biomass production and the accumulation of desirable alkaloids.
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