ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Is negative parenting always harmful? The differential effects of parental rejection and parental overprotection on proactive personality in young adults.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The present study is anchored in the theoretical framework of ecological systems. Its objective is to investigate the underlying mechanisms through which negative parenting styles exhibited by parents influence the proactive personality of their offspring. The study will focus on the mediating effects of positive coping strategies and the moderating influences of teacher-student support. This study draws on survey data collected from a sample of 695 Chinese university students to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. The results demonstrated that: Initial findings indicated that parental rejection was positively associated with the development of a proactive personality in young adults, while parental overprotection was negatively associated with this personality. Secondly, the study established that positive coping strategies play a mediating role between the two types of parenting styles and proactive personality. Thirdly, it was demonstrated that higher levels of teacher-student support strengthen the mediating role of positive coping strategies in the relationship between parental rejection and young adults' proactive personality. However, the moderating effect of the variable on parental overprotection was found to be non-significant. This study identifies distinct pathways through which different negative parenting styles shape proactive personality, and provides a theoretical basis and practical enlightenment for the collaborative intervention of family education and school support systems.
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