ArticleInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2026
Association of volatile organic compounds with serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in the general adults.
Article in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the associations between urinary metabolites of Volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) and serum Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in a representative sample of the U.S. adults.
methodsWe analyzed data from 4907 participants in NHANES 2011-2018. Seventeen urinary mVOCs were measured, and serum LDH was used as the outcome. Generalized linear models (GLM), restricted cubic splines (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to assess linear, nonlinear, and mixture effects. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using urinary creatinine-corrected mVOC concentrations, and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) was applied as an alternative mixture modeling approach to validate the robustness of our findings. Furthermore, false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to account for multiple comparisons.
resultsSeveral mVOCs were significantly associated with serum LDH. Notably, 2MHA, 34MHA, ATCA, and CYMA showed robust inverse associations, while PHEM was positively associated with LDH. RCS models revealed non-linear exposure-response relationships for multiple mVOCs. WQS regression indicated that both positively and negatively weighted mVOCs contributed to LDH levels, with DHBMA as a major positive contributor and 34MHA as a negative contributor. Most associations remained stable after sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that urinary mVOCs are associated with serum LDH levels, suggesting potential subclinical toxic effects of VOC exposure. These findings underscore the need for environmental risk management and further investigation into the biological pathways linking VOCs to systemic health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.