Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42296639›Full record

ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2026

Opportunities for the future of transcranial magnetic stimulation and epilepsy.

Brian N Lundstrom, Alexander Rotenberg

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Brian N LundstromDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: lundstrom.brian@mayo.edu.
Alexander RotenbergDepartment of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drug-resistant epilepsy has traditionally been managed with medications or surgery aimed at removing or destroying epileptogenic tissue. In contrast, electrical brain stimulation seeks to alter dysfunctional neural circuits without tissue destruction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a particularly attractive approach due to its favorable side-effect profile and robust diagnostic as well as therapeutic capacity. Cortical stimulation by TMS generates quantifiable evoked potentials that provide insights into seizure susceptibility and target engagement by therapeutics. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) has promise as a method for treating seizures, but essential questions remain as to which epilepsy syndromes and which cortical targets will respond to stimulation. Here, we speculate on questions pertaining to diagnostic and therapeutic TMS that may be answered in near-future studies. Will reliable measures to quantify seizure likelihood be available from measures of TMS-EMG or TMS-EEG evoked potentials? Might TMS help optimize other neuromodulation techniques? Can rTMS targeting superficial cortex, either in isolation or coupled with appropriately selected drugs, suppress generalized onset or multifocal seizures? Recent advances highlight the potential of bioelectronic medicine approaches such as TMS.

Indexed as

EpilepsyTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAnimalsBrainElectroencephalographyHumansEpilepsyNeuromodulationNon-invasive brain stimulationTMS

Identifiers

PMID42296639
PMCPMC13285836

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.