ArticleBJU international2026
Intermediate clinical endpoints as surrogates for overall survival after salvage prostatectomy.
Article in BJU international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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23 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) as potential intermediate clinical endpoints (ICEs) for overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP). PATIENTS AND
methodsEvaluable patients were selected from a retrospective dataset, resulting in a cohort of 879 patients with recurrent, non-metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with sRP at 13 centres. ICE surrogacy was evaluated using a two-stage approach: (i) at the individual-patient level by fitting Clayton copula models and estimating Kendall's
resultsThe two-step analysis included 759 patients for BRFS (366 events) and 476 for MFS (137 events), with median follow-up of 37 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 36-42 months) and 34 months (95% CI 31-37 months), respectively. At the individual-patient level, MFS showed a strong association with OS (Kendall's
conclusionsThe BRFS should not be used as a surrogate endpoint in the sRP setting. MFS requires further validation in future prospective studies to confirm its association with OS. Patient-reported outcomes, such as quality-of-life and treatment-related toxicity, should be considered in parallel with OS.
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