ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Nanoengineered Macrophages for in vivo Three-Dimensional Photoacoustic Imaging and Immunotherapy of Acute Lung Injury.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition lacking effective real-time monitoring and targeted therapeutic strategies. Cell-based drug delivery systems offer promise but are limited by the inability to track their in vivo distribution and therapeutic response. Methods: Macrophages were engineered to carry aluminum hydroxide-stabilized Tocilizumab (Alum/Toc) and labeled with indocyanine green (ICG) for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The resulting platform (MΦ/ICG@Alum/Toc) was intravenously administered to Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI mice. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) was used to monitor the dynamic recruitment, pulmonary accumulation, and clearance of the engineered cells over 48 h. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by histopathology and lung wet/dry ratio, and biosafety was assessed in major organs. Results: PACT enabled non-invasive, high-resolution tracking of nanoengineered macrophages, revealing rapid homing to inflamed lungs within 6 h, peak accumulation at 24 h, and subsequent hepatic clearance. Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric analysis confirmed targeted pulmonary delivery with minimal off-target distribution. The MΦ/ICG@Alum/Toc platform significantly reduced alveolar edema, inflammatory infiltration, and histopathological scores compared to free Toc, demonstrating superior therapeutic efficacy with excellent biocompatibility. Conclusion: This study establishes PACT as a powerful tool for guiding and monitoring cell-based therapies in real time. The nanoengineered macrophage platform offers a clinically translatable strategy for precision immunotherapy of ALI, with potential applications in other inflammatory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.