ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
Parental Embodied Mentalizing Assessment
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIn the early preverbal mother-infant communication, the impact of postpartum depression (PPD) on Parental Embodied Mentalizing (PEM) remains unclear. PEM may also depend on maternal parenting stress and emotion regulation difficulties. This study is the first to investigate PEM in mothers with and without PPD using the clinical coding system Parental Embodied Mentalizing Assessment (PEMA
methodsDSM-IV diagnosed PPD- (n = 68) and non-diagnosed mothers (n = 61) with infants aged 3-10 months were assessed during a 5-minute videotaped, free-play interaction. The observational tool PEMA
resultsSignificant group differences were identified (d = 0.40 to 1.30). PEMA
conclusionsAll mothers exhibited mainly risk-related PEM; however, PPD-mothers demonstrated more pronounced and frequent risk factors compared to the control group. Protective factors were reduced among PPD-mothers due to elevated child-related parenting stress. The consideration of child-related parenting stress and sociodemographic risk separately, within the context of diagnostic specificity in PPD, is warranted. Further research is needed on developing clinical thresholds and understanding the impact of the PEMA™ factors on child development.
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