SynthesisActa neuropathologica communications2026
Higher disease reactivation risk in women after fingolimod withdrawal.
Synthesis in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisease reactivation following cessation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) occurs in ~ 10% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The biological factors underlying this phenomenon remain incompletely understood, including the potential contribution of sex-specific differences.
methodsWe performed a systematic review on published literature and adverse event registries (FAERS, EudraVigilance), as of January 2024, focusing exclusively on fingolimod (FTY) withdrawal in individuals with MS. Disease severity after FTY withdrawal was assessed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, using untreated EAE mice as controls. S1P receptor expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence in spinal cord tissue from EAE mice and in brain biopsies from MS patients with disease reactivation after FTY withdrawal and MS controls (no prior FTY or S1PRM treatment).
resultsAnalysis of eight studies (n = 2579) demonstrated an association between female sex and disease reactivation after FTY cessation (odds ratios: 1.09-7.20), corroborated by pharmacovigilance data (FAERS: OR = 2.00, p < 0.0001; EudraVigilance: OR = 2.42, p < 0.0001). Female EAE mice exhibited greater post-FTY treatment disease severity (2.5-fold increase, p < 0.0001) with increased S1PR1 expression on CD3 DISCUSSION: Across clinical, experimental, and neuropathological analyses, female sex was associated with more pronounced disease activity following FTY withdrawal. Increased S1PR1 expression in T cells represents a potential cellular correlate of this sex-associated vulnerability and warrants further mechanistic investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.