Evidence mapPaperPMID 42311068Full record

ReviewChinese medical journal2026

Cardiac immunity and heart repair: Mechanism, challenge, and future direction.

Yuan Liu, Qiyu Ren, Hao Wang, Xinou Jiang, Minjiong Zhao, Qincheng Min, Yifan Xie, Dongcheng Cai, Yu Nie

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chinese medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuan LiuDepartment of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Qiyu RenState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Hao WangState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Xinou JiangState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Minjiong ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Qincheng MinState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Yifan XieState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Dongcheng CaiState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Yu NieState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

abstractImmune signaling has emerged as a central regulator of cardiac biology, extending far beyond its traditionally recognized roles in pathology. From embryogenesis to adulthood, immune cells orchestrate key processes, including coronary vasculature formation, cardiomyocyte maturation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In the setting of myocardial injury, immune responses unfold in tightly choreographed phases, initially clearing necrotic debris and later facilitating scar formation and, in certain contexts, promoting tissue regeneration. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have revealed the remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity of immune cell populations in the heart, highlighting their metabolic and phenotypic adaptability across developmental and disease contexts. Alongside these biological insights, therapeutic interest has grown in targeting specific immune pathways to modulate inflammation, enhance repair, and restore cardiac function. This review integrates discoveries from developmental immunology, cardiac injury models, and regenerative medicine to illustrate how the immune system underpins cardiac resilience and plasticity. By synthesizing molecular, cellular, and systems-level data, we present a cohesive view of cardioimmune interactions that opens new avenues for precision therapies aimed at heart repair and regeneration.

Indexed as

HeartMyocardiumAnimalsHumansRegenerationCardiac regenerationCardioimmunologyCardiovascular diseaseImmunologyImmunotherapyMyocardial infarction

Identifiers

PMID42311068
PMCPMC13441120

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.