ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Systemic redox imbalance correlates with clinical aggressiveness and poor prognosis in canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm characterized by rapid clinical progression, high metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence suggests that systemic redox imbalance, resulting from a disproportion between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, plays a key role in tumor progression. This study evaluated serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as systemic biomarkers of redox status in female dogs with IMC and non-inflammatory mammary tumors (NIMTs). Methods: Serum TAC and MDA levels were measured in 49 female dogs aged 8-18 years. The cohort included dogs with IMC ( Results: Systemic redox imbalance was significantly more pronounced in dogs with IMC. Serum MDA levels were markedly higher in the IMC group (3558.9 nmol/mL) than in dogs with aggressive (53.3 nmol/mL) or low-grade tumors (48.3 nmol/mL) ( Discussion: These findings demonstrate that systemic redox imbalance is closely associated with the rapid progression and poor survival observed in canine IMC. Serum TAC and MDA may serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers and support the relevance of oxidative stress as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive mammary neoplasms. These results may also have comparative implications for human oncology.
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