ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
A virtual reality-based multicomponent intervention program for preventing postoperative delirium in the intensive care unit for cardiac surgery patients: from evidence-based design to a pilot trial.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) after cardiac surgery in the intensive care unit (ICU) has a high incidence and poor outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) is a non-pharmacological intervention of growing interest, but its effects in cardiac surgery patients remain underexplored. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of a perioperative VR-based intervention program and to explore its preliminary clinical effects on POD, anxiety, depression, cognition, sleep, and mobility in cardiac surgery patients. Study design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from February to March 2025 in a tertiary hospital in China. Forty participants undergoing elective cardiac surgery were assigned to usual care (control group) or usual care plus daily VR sessions from preoperative preparation until ICU discharge (intervention group) ( Results: In this pilot trial, the intervention group had a lower incidence of delirium than the control group (5% vs. 35%, Conclusion: Perioperative VR-based multicomponent intervention was feasible and well accepted in this pilot study, and may indicate potential benefit in reducing POD and improving selected psychological and functional outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. These findings are preliminary and require confirmation in larger, adequately powered multicenter trials.
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