ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Comparing food literacy by grade, sex, and food education exposure: construct validation of the food literacy BITE scale.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Food literacy provides a framework for understanding dietary behaviors in children and can inform priorities for and evaluate the effectiveness of food education interventions. The 4-dimension Food Literacy BITE scale is built on a child-centered food literacy framework and has been structurally validated in U.S. elementary schoolchildren. We conducted additional validity testing to assess the tool's generalizability, ability to differentiate mean food literacy by grade, sex, and food education exposure, and the association of food literacy score with food group consumption frequencies. Materials and methods: We administered the Food Literacy BITE scale and food frequency questionnaires to Results: Item interpretation was consistent across groups, with full scalar invariance established by grade and partial scalar invariance by sex and food education history (4+years vs. new/none). Girls scored higher than boys in the "confidence in everyday food skills" dimension ( Conclusion: Results support generalizable use of the Food Literacy BITE scale in the U.S. and areas with similar food practices and environments. The tool's ability to differentiate between food education exposure history suggests it may be useful in identifying best practices for food education interventions targeting late childhood.
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