Evidence mapPaperPMID 42312166Full record

ArticleACS pharmacology & translational science2026

Kidney-Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery of Formoterol Mitigates Diabetic Kidney Disease without Adverse Cardiac Effects.

Ernest L Vallorz, Kristan Cleveland, Natalie E Scholpa, Heidi M Mansour, Jennifer Schnellmann, Rick G Schnellmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS pharmacology & translational science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ernest L VallorzUniversity of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Kristan ClevelandUniversity of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Natalie E ScholpaUniversity of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-5482
Heidi M MansourFlorida International University, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3993-9210
Jennifer SchnellmannUniversity of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Rick G SchnellmannUniversity of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous research indicates that the FDA-approved β2-adrenergic receptor agonist and bronchodilator formoterol are efficacious at restoring mitochondrial function and slowing DKD progression. Unfortunately, β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists have been shown to result in cardiovascular toxicity. To mitigate these negative effects while maintaining the therapeutic capabilities of formoterol, we developed formoterol-containing renally targeted polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Biocompatible NPs were synthesized (300-400 nm), and efficient internalization by renal proximal tubule cells was confirmed. NPs were administered to SKH-1 Elite mice, and renal accumulation was observed within 1h and retained for 144h. To determine the therapeutic potential of this strategy for DKD treatment, BTBR

Indexed as

diabetic kidney diseaseformoterolnanoparticlesrenal failure

Identifiers

PMID42312166
PMCPMC13270454

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.