ArticleACS pharmacology & translational science2026
Kidney-Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery of Formoterol Mitigates Diabetic Kidney Disease without Adverse Cardiac Effects.
Article in ACS pharmacology & translational science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous research indicates that the FDA-approved β2-adrenergic receptor agonist and bronchodilator formoterol are efficacious at restoring mitochondrial function and slowing DKD progression. Unfortunately, β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists have been shown to result in cardiovascular toxicity. To mitigate these negative effects while maintaining the therapeutic capabilities of formoterol, we developed formoterol-containing renally targeted polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Biocompatible NPs were synthesized (300-400 nm), and efficient internalization by renal proximal tubule cells was confirmed. NPs were administered to SKH-1 Elite mice, and renal accumulation was observed within 1h and retained for 144h. To determine the therapeutic potential of this strategy for DKD treatment, BTBR
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