Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42313698›Full record

SynthesisMedical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre2026

Clinical Outcomes of Immunosuppressant Drugs in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Faizah M Alotaibi, Sara M Alrowaydan, Lamia K Alshamlani, Manar A Alomar, Nora S Almutairi, Seham A Khashwayn, Kanan Alshammari, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Faizah M AlotaibiCollege of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, alotaibifai@ksau-hs.edu.sa.
Sara M AlrowaydanKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Lamia K AlshamlaniKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Manar A AlomarKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Nora S AlmutairiKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Seham A KhashwaynKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Kanan AlshammariKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Jaffar A Al-TawfiqDepartment of Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the impact of immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) use on clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Eligible studies reporting overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS), among adult cancer patients receiving ICIs stratified by the use of ISDs.

resultsA total of 33 studies with 34,063 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses showed significantly worse outcomes among patients receiving ISDs during ICI therapy, with poorer OS (HR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.10-1.56; p = 0.003) and PFS (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.10-1.76; p = 0.006) compared with those who did not receive ISDs with high heterogeneity of (I2 ∼ 80-85%). In subgroup analysis, patients with non-small-cell lung cancer exhibited significantly reduced OS associated with the use of ISDs.

conclusionsThe results suggest an association between ISDs use and reduced OS and PFS in patients with cancer receiving ICI treatment. These findings highlight the need for precision-based immune-related adverse events (irAEs) management strategies that balance toxicity control with preservation of therapeutic benefit.

Indexed as

CancerDrugsImmune-checkpoint inhibitorsImmunosuppressantSteroids

Identifiers

PMID42313698
PMCPMC13451028

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.