ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Boosting the immune response and protective efficacy of inactivated PRV vaccine using cGAMP as a mucosal adjuvant.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe respiratory mucosa serves as the primary site for Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) invasion, which can elicit both local mucosal and systemic immune responses. However, due to the presence of mucosal barrier, nasal immunization with inactivated vaccines typically results in a limited immune response; thus, a mucosal adjuvant is necessary to enhance this response. Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) acts as a potent agonist of STING, exhibiting significant mucosal adjuvant properties. It plays a vital role in the regulation of innate immune responses to DNA viruses.
resultsIn this study, we developed a nasal vaccine for PRV by integrating cGAMP with PRV antigen. Both mucosal and systemic antibody responses were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by PRV antigen or cGAMP adjuvant administration. cGAMP adjuvanted PRV vaccine induced a persistent IgG but resulted in a transient IgA mucosal antibody response. Intranasal immunization with cGAMP effectively enhanced CD3
conclusionThis study found that cGAMP significantly enhanced the nasal immunological efficacy of the PRV inactivated vaccine by activating the STING signaling pathway within respiratory mucosa. Therefore, cGAMP demonstrated significant potential as an effective mucosal immune adjuvant to be employed in inactivated PRV vaccine. This approach offered novel technical support for the immunization and prevention against PRV infection.
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