ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
CT-based radiogenomic prediction of ICAM1 and RAET1E as biomarkers of NK cytotoxicity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to develop a noninvasive CT-based radiogenomic framework to estimate imaging-associated biomarkers related to natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). By linking imaging features to underlying molecular pathways, we address the limitations of invasive tissue sampling in assessing tumor heterogeneity and immune microenvironment. Methods: This study analyzed preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images from 143 patients with histologically confirmed ccRCC and transcriptomic data from 538 TCGA-KIRC tumor samples. Radiomic features (3,176 per tumor) were extracted using PyRadiomics from manually segmented 3D tumor volumes (validated by two radiologists), spanning seven feature classes and eight image filters. Feature selection included variance filtering, the Mann-Whitney U test for gene-expression stratification (high/low groups), and redundancy removal via Pearson correlation analysis (|r| > 0.9), with AUC prioritization. An Results: Transcriptomic analysis identified 835 imaging-associated genes enriched in immune-related pathways, with significant representation of the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway (KEGG, Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CT-derived radiomic features may provide noninvasive imaging correlates of biomarkers related to NK cytotoxicity-in ccRCC. Radiogenomic analysis of ICAM1 and RAET1E may provide a complementary exploratory framework for noninvasive immune characterization and biomarker research in ccRCC.
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