Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42317359›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Chimeric antigen receptor technology: an emerging translational immunotherapy in nonneoplastic diseases.

Sijie Zhou, Yuan Li, Jiulu Zhao, Wang Zhan, Cheng Zhou, Yanqiang Zou, Xiaohan Li, Jikai Cui, Jie Wu, Jiahong Xia

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sijie Zhou *Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yuan Li *Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jiulu Zhao *Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Wang ZhanDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Cheng ZhouDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yanqiang ZouDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Xiaohan LiDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jikai CuiDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jie WuDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jiahong XiaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: One of the most significant recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy is the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. More recently, this approach has been gradually modified for the research associated with various treatment-resistant nonneoplastic diseases by engineering immune cells to provide precise targeting. Results: This narrative review discusses two primary therapeutic approaches the use of CAR technology in the treatment of nonneoplastic diseases. One strategy involves the elimination of specific pathogenic cell populations. Specifically, by engineering T cells, macrophages, or natural killer (NK) cells, pathogenic cells can be eliminated in autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and fibrotic lesions. The second approach aims to restore immune homeostasis by using engineered regulatory T cells (Tregs) to control augmented immune effector responses. This strategy has been shown to promote transplant tolerance and has therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, this review addresses major issues concerning the persistence, safety, and manufacturing accessibility of CAR cells and discusses some emerging technological approaches that could be used for focused refinements of this technology. Conclusions: The precision medicine platform for CAR technology has advanced beyond oncology by integrating targeted cell destruction with the management of immune homeostasis. As future possibilities with frontier cell engineering and interdisciplinary approaches are explored, CAR cell therapy is likely to evolve into a more adaptable, refined, and clinically viable immunotherapy technology, with its therapeutic potential expanded to a broad range of diseases.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy, AdoptiveReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAnimalsAutoimmune DiseasesHumansTranslational Research, BiomedicalReceptors, Chimeric Antigenchimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technologyengineered immune cellsimmunotherapynonneoplastic diseasesprecision targeting

Identifiers

PMID42317359
PMCPMC13272466

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.