Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42317567›Full record

ArticleHardwareX2026

Open Diagnostic Reader (ODR): An affordable, modular 3D-printed platform for standardized imaging and quantitative analysis of rapid diagnostic tests.

Elliott Rogers, Zhen Qin, Md Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Ashraful Islam Khan, Md Taufiqul Islam, Piyash Bhattacharjee, Imrul Kayes Nabil, Md Naiem Hossain, Tahira Ahmed Rashmi, Moidul Hasan and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in HardwareX, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Elliott RogersLondon Centre of Nanotechnology, UCL, United Kingdom.
Zhen QinLondon Centre of Nanotechnology, UCL, United Kingdom.
Md Taufiqur Rahman BhuiyanInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Ashraful Islam KhanInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Md Taufiqul IslamInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Piyash BhattacharjeeInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Imrul Kayes NabilInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Md Naiem HossainInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Tahira Ahmed RashmiInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Moidul HasanBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh.
Tonmoy Chandro SahaBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh.
Shawkat Osman ShishirBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh.
Mubasshir WashifInstitute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi) , Bangladesh.
Md Rofiqur RahmanInstitute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi) , Bangladesh.
Imtiaz MahamudInstitute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi) , Bangladesh.
Maryam ShahmaneshInstitute of Global Health, UCL, United Kingdom.
Taufiq HasanBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh.
Sonia HegdeDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, United States.
Firdausi QadriInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
Rachel A McKendryLondon Centre of Nanotechnology, UCL, United Kingdom.
Andrew S AzmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are key to disease surveillance, yet their interpretation remains challenging due to weak test lines and difficulties in interpreting results. Subjective interpretation of control and test line(s) presence and increasingly complex multiplex RDTs with many result combinations highlight the need for interpretation aides. Proprietary hardware is often expensive, fixed to specific tests, and unsuitable in decentralised testing locations. To address this, we present the Open Diagnostic Reader (ODR), a cost-effective (15 - 45 GBP), modular, easy-to-use open-source diagnostic imaging platform. The platform supports multiple lighting modalities (internal, external or no light source); multiple RDTs and disease targets (cholera and Hepatitis E); and multiple diagnostic test use cases (RDTs and agar plates for antimicrobial resistance testing). Designs can be quickly printed (19 - 25 h) using desktop 3D printers and require only simple assembly. The ODR facilitates a standardised imaging capture environment and thus reproducible image analyses pipelines, including quantitative intensity analyses and ML-enabled interpretation.

Indexed as

Antimicrobial resistanceCholeraHepatitis EImagingMachine learningRapid diagnostic tests

Identifiers

PMID42317567
PMCPMC13272561

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.