ArticleFrontiers in neurology
Sex-specific differences in basilar artery vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: evidence from a rabbit model.
Article in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a devastating cerebrovascular disorder in which cerebral vasospasm is a key determinant of secondary injury and outcome. Sex differences are well-documented clinically, women exhibit a higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH and often worse outcomes, but whether biological sex influences vasospasm severity in controlled preclinical settings remains unclear. Methods: In a randomized, controlled rabbit model, we investigated sex-specific differences in basilar artery (BA) vasospasm after SAH. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits (12 male, 12 female) were allocated to Control, SHAM, or SAH groups. SAH was induced by cisterna magna injection of autologous blood; SHAM animals received saline. On Day 7, BA segments were harvested for quantitative assessment of vasospasm using the Vasospasm Index (VSI: wall area/lumen area) and blinded qualitative histopathological scoring of smooth muscle contraction, endothelial integrity, internal elastic membrane configuration, and adventitial thickness. Nonparametric statistical tests were used, with male vs. female comparison in SAH as the primary endpoint. Results: Control and SHAM animals showed no significant sex differences in VSI (Control: Conclusion: Male rabbits exhibited significantly more severe vasospasm than females after SAH, despite human epidemiology suggesting greater vulnerability in women. These results demonstrate sex as a fundamental biological variable in SAH pathophysiology and underscore the need for mechanistic studies exploring hormonal, autonomic, and inflammatory mediators. Incorporating sex into experimental design may ultimately inform sex-specific therapeutic strategies for SAH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.