Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42318258›Full record

ArticlePCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences2026

Trends in substance use and associations with internet use among Japanese high school students: A nationwide survey, 2018-2024.

Satomi Mizuno, Satoshi Inoura, Maki Kitamura, Toshihiko Matsumoto, Kunihiko Kitagaki, Akihiro Koide, Kenji Takehara, Takuya Shimane

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Satomi MizunoDepartment of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0644-1520
Satoshi InouraDepartment of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan.
Maki KitamuraDepartment of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan.
Toshihiko MatsumotoDepartment of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-2161
Kunihiko KitagakiSocial Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji Japan.
Akihiro KoideRegulatory Science Laboratory Yokohama University of Pharmacy Yokohama Japan.
Kenji TakeharaDepartment of Health Policy National Centre for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan.
Takuya ShimaneDepartment of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-6230

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: To examine temporal trends in past-year substance use among Japanese high school students and their associations with daily time spent on internet activities. Methods: We analyzed pooled data from three nationwide repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2018, 2021, and 2024, including 142,567 Japanese high school students aged 16-18 years. Past-year substance use (illicit drug and alcohol use and tobacco smoking) and daily time spent on internet activities (social networking services, online gaming, internet searching, video or music streaming, and online shopping or auctions) were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Associations between internet use and substance use were examined using survey-weighted logistic regression models with restricted cubic spline functions to assess nonlinear patterns across exposure levels. Results: Past-year illicit drug use remained rare across the survey years (0.1%-0.3%). Alcohol use declined from 14.7% in 2018 to 8.0% in 2024, whereas tobacco smoking decreased from 1.8% to 1.3%. For illicit drug use, probabilities remained low at lower exposure levels but increased at higher levels, most notably for online shopping or auctions. Regarding alcohol use, a longer time spent on all internet activities was associated with higher probabilities, with steeper increases observed for social networking services and online shopping or auctions at higher exposure levels. For tobacco smoking, positive associations were most evident with networking services, online shopping, and auctions. Conclusion: Activity-specific patterns indicate heterogeneity in the associations between internet and substance use, highlighting the importance of considering the types of online activities alongside overall internet use.

Indexed as

adolescentshigh school studentsinternet usenationwide surveysubstance use

Identifiers

PMID42318258
PMCPMC13273530

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.