Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42319133›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of immunology2026

Shifting From Systemic to Precision-Targeted Complement Therapies: Opportunities and Hurdles.

Marco Mannes, Wioleta M Zelek, Leendert A Trouw

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Marco MannesInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-4875-8275
Wioleta M ZelekUK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2230-3550
Leendert A TrouwDepartment of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5186-2290

Funding

UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship Award UKRI2337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The landscape of complement therapeutics has significantly broadened in recent years; systemically acting stoichiometric inhibitors against complement proteins across almost the entire complement cascade are now available. However, despite their unquestionable clinical success, several limitations remain, including increased infection risks, loss of physiological functions, and clinically observed breakthrough events. In addition, many complement diseases require lifelong treatment, further amplifying the overall healthcare burden and motivating the development of alternative concepts for more precision-based therapies. Given that many complement-associated diseases primarily manifest in specific body compartments, directing complement intervention to an organ, tissue, or even a particular cell type represents an important goal. In this article, we briefly delineate the status of approved complement therapeutics and review preclinical progress in emerging concepts. We highlight several key properties that are essential for achieving targeted complement therapies: administration routes, tissue/cell penetration, specificity, and the mode of action. In addition to approaches aimed at dampening complement activation, we outline strategies designed to specifically activate complement locally, for example, in the context of cancer. Together, these insights underscore the growing potential of next-generation complement therapeutics to achieve more precise and effective clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

Complement ActivationComplement Inactivating AgentsComplement System ProteinsPrecision MedicineAnimalsHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyComplement Inactivating AgentsComplement System Proteinscomplement systemcomplement therapeuticstargeted delivery

Identifiers

PMID42319133
PMCPMC13281374

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.