Effect of repetition tempo on cardiovascular and metabolic stress when training to muscle failure during lower body exercise.

Shiyao Xia, Yifan Wang, Xu Zhang, Yutian Ji, Xu Wen

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shiyao XiaDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Yifan WangSchool of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.

Xu ZhangDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Yutian JiDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Xu WenDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. wenxu@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3658-6368

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different repetitions tempos on volume load (VL), time under tension (TUT), energy metabolism and muscle oxygenation indices during lower limb resistance training (RT) performed to muscle failure.

methodsIn a repeated-measures, crossover design, 30 resistance-trained men (n = 22) and women (n = 8) performed three sets of barbell squats under the following conditions: traditional tempo (TRAD: trained to muscle failure with 2-s eccentric and 1-s concentric) and slow tempo (SLOW: trained to muscle failure with 4-s eccentric and 2-s concentric). The VL, TUT, energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), respiratory quotient (RQ), net carbon dioxide release (nVCO

resultsTotal VL (p < 0.001) and HR (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in the TRAD group, whereas total TUT (p < 0.001), nVCO

conclusionWhen effort is equated by training to muscle failure, a fast repetition rhythm maximizes cardiovascular pressure and total VL. Conversely, a slow repetition rhythm extends TUT and muscle hypoxia time and increases anaerobic metabolic pressure.

Indexed as

Energy MetabolismMuscle, SkeletalResistance TrainingStress, PhysiologicalAdultFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleOxygen ConsumptionYoung AdultEnergy metabolismMovement velocityMuscle oxygen saturationResistance training

Identifiers

PMID42319447

DOI10.2170/jjphysiol.49.139

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.