Evidence mapPaperPMID 42319557Full record

ReviewDiscover nano2026

Schwann cell derived extracellular vesicles are multifunctional nanotherapeutic mediators for diabetic oral mucosal wound healing.

Zihang Xu, Haowen Qi, Xinyu Zhang, Fang Qu, Yaqin Wu, Chun Xu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Discover nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zihang Xu *Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Haowen Qi *Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Xinyu ZhangDepartment of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Fang QuDepartment of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Yaqin WuDepartment of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. wuyaqin1024@163.com.
Chun XuDepartment of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. imxuchun@sjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 25ZR1401222Shanghai Leading Talent Program of Eastern Talent Plan BJWS2025066the Clinical Research Program of 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine JYLJ202409the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82071157the Original Exploration Project of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine JYYC002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schwann cell derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have emerged as a specialized extracellular vesicle subtype with intrinsic neuroregenerative, neuroimmune, and neurovascular regulatory capacities, making them particularly relevant for diabetic oral mucosal wound healing. Unlike more widely studied extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells, SC-EVs originate from the principal glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and therefore retain biological programs directly related to axonal repair, neurotrophic support, and nerve-associated tissue regeneration. Diabetic oral mucosal wounds are characterized by persistent inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix dysregulation, and neuropathy-associated defects in epithelial repair. SC-EVs contain a distinctive cargo of proteins, RNAs, and lipids, including neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, regulatory microRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-146a, and antioxidant molecules that collectively modulate these pathological processes. This review first summarizes the pathophysiological features of diabetic oral mucosal wounds, with emphasis on neurovascular and neuroimmune disruption. It then discusses the biogenesis, molecular composition, and functional mechanisms of SC-EVs, highlighting their roles in inflammatory recalibration, angiogenesis, neuroregeneration, and redox homeostasis. A dedicated discussion of SC-EV-specific cargo composition is included to clarify why SC-EVs represent a particularly suitable extracellular vesicle source for neuropathy-associated oral wound repair. Finally, we evaluate current progress in scalable production, targeted engineering, and biomaterial-assisted delivery, while outlining remaining limitations related to standardization, potency assessment, long-term safety, and clinical translation. By integrating glial biology with extracellular vesicle nanomedicine, this review provides a focused framework for developing SC-EV-based therapeutics for diabetic oral mucosal lesions.

Indexed as

AngiogenesisDiabetic oral mucosal wound healingExtracellular vesiclesImmunomodulationNanotherapeuticsNeuroregenerationNeurovascular couplingSchwann cell

Identifiers

PMID42319557
PMCPMC13282436

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.