ArticleIndian pediatrics2026
Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Subsequent Risk of Fractures in Children: An Emulated Target Trial Using a Nationwide Birth Cohort.
Article in Indian pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrenatal opioid exposure has been linked to adverse developmental outcomes, but its effects on childhood musculoskeletal health are unclear. This study examined the association between prenatal opioid exposure and fracture risk in children.
methodsThis study emulated a target trial using a nationwide mother-child linked birth cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2023. Prenatal opioid exposure was defined as maternal receipt of ≥ 2 opioid prescriptions during any trimester. The primary outcome was the postnatal diagnosis of any fracture, and secondary outcomes were site-specific fractures, including the head, spine, upper limb, lower limb, or other anatomical sites, as identified by relevant International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score matching and a sibling comparison design.
resultsAfter propensity score matching, we identified 584,400 children (51.3% boys) without and 117,065 (51.3% boys) children with prenatal opioid exposure. Children with prenatal opioid exposure had an increased risk of fractures [aHR 1.07 (95% CI 1.06-1.08)], whereas no significant association was observed in the sibling comparison cohort analyses [1.02 (0.99-1.04)]. Risk of fractures showed a dose-dependent manner [low-dose exposure: 1.06 (1.05-1.08); high-dose exposure: 1.09 (1.06-1.12)].
conclusionOpioid exposure during pregnancy was not associated with a substantial increase in the risk of fractures in the children. However, exposure to high opioid doses, prolonged or frequent prenatal opioid exposure, may still warrant caution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42319656What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.