ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026
Feruloylated Arabinoxylan From Maize Bran Induces Cell Death in HCT 116 Colon Cancer Cells By the Cross-Talk of Apoptosis, Cell Survival, and Autophagy Pathways.
Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Feruloylated arabinoxylan (F-AX), a hemicellulosic polysaccharide abundant in cereal brans, is gaining attention for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and diet-derived bioactives offer promising complementary strategies for its prevention and management. In this study, F-AX was extracted from maize bran using a green chemistry approach and characterized as a highly branched arabinoxylan (AX) with a β-(1→4)-linked xylose backbone substituted with feruloylated arabinose residues. F-AX demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against HCT 116 colon cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the highest inhibition of 84.68 ± 3.6% (p < 0.0001) observed at 3 mg/mL after 48 h treatment. Mechanistic investigations revealed induction of apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase-3/7 activity, elevated cleaved PARP and cytochrome c levels, reduced procaspase-3, -8, and - 9 expression, decreased Bid and Bcl-xL levels, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Autophagy induction was confirmed by increased LC3B-II/I ratio, increased expression of Beclin-1 and LAMP-1, and reduced p53 levels. F-AX activated the antioxidant pathway, reduced the ROS levels, decreased the p-Akt/Akt ratio and NF-κB levels while increasing PTEN expression, suggesting suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings highlight cross-talk among apoptosis, autophagy, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in F-AX-induced cell death. In addition, F-AX exhibited resistance to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, suggesting its potential to reach the colon intact and exert localized colonic effects. Overall, this study highlights the potential of maize bran-derived F-AX as a nutraceutical candidate for CRC management and provides a foundation for further in vivo investigations.
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