ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2026
Periventricular diffusivity at the ventricular-parenchymal interface across healthy controls, episodic migraine, and chronic migraine: a cross-sectional multimodal MRI study.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic migraine (CM) carries high disability, yet interictal MRI phenotypes that distinguish CM from episodic migraine (EM), particularly in medication-overuse headache (MOH)-inclusive cohorts, remain incompletely characterized. We tested whether periventricular diffusivity (PVeD), an indirect MRI marker of tissue-water properties at the ventricular-parenchymal interface, is associated with CM and headache burden.
methodsIn this cross-sectional 3.0-T multimodal MRI study, 289 adults with complete structural MRI, diffusion MRI, and resting-state fMRI were analyzed: 67 healthy controls, 162 EM, and 60 CM. MOH was diagnosed and retained in the CM group. MRI was acquired during verified interictal evening sessions; participants with headache within 24 hours before or after MRI were excluded. The primary contrast was age- and sex-adjusted CM versus EM for PVeD. Secondary analyses examined MOH strata, headache-frequency strata, partial Spearman correlations, Firth logistic regression for CM status, and HIT-6 models.
resultsAge- and sex-adjusted PVeD was lower in CM than EM (adjusted difference, -0.011; 95% CI, -0.017 to -0.006; standardized difference, -0.71; p < 0.001) and healthy controls (-0.014; 95% CI, -0.021 to -0.007; standardized difference, -0.88; p < 0.001), with no EM-control difference. Both CM participants with and without MOH had lower PVeD than EM. In migraine participants, lower PVeD correlated with higher headache frequency, HIT-6, and MIDAS and with larger choroid plexus volume and smaller thalamic, nucleus accumbens, and putaminal volumes. In the expanded clinical-plus-MRI Firth model, each 1-SD higher PVeD was associated with lower CM odds (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.89; p = 0.011). Higher PVeD was associated with lower HIT-6 after adjustment for headache frequency or MOH.
conclusionsCM was associated with lower PVeD at the ventricular-parenchymal interface, and lower PVeD was linked to patient-centered burden in this MOH-inclusive cohort. PVeD is not yet a diagnostic or treatment-selection biomarker, but may help define an MRI phenotype for future chronification-risk and treatment-response studies after longitudinal and external validation.
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